List of Frequently Confused Words



a lot: many
alot: no such word (slang for "a lot")
allot: to distribute

ability: power to do something
capacity: facility to contain something

abjure: renounce
adjure: appeal

accede: to agree
exceed: to surpass

accent: vocal emphasis, to emphasize
ascent: vertical path upward
assent: agreement

accept: to receive, to regard as true
except: to exclude

acquire: to gain possession of
attain: to achieve a goal
obtain: to gain possession of

adherence: attachment
adherents: followers

adapt: to adjust
adept: skillful
adopt: to take or accept as one's own

addition: something added
edition: the total issue or number of copies

adverse: against
averse: disinclined

affect: as a verb-to influence, to change (usual usage)
as a noun-affectation-as in "His accent was an affect."
effect: as a noun-a result (usual usage)
as a verb-to bring about-as in "He will effect a recovery."

affectation: pretense
affection: fondness

affinity: connection to
infinity: limitless space, time, distance

aggravate: to worsen
irritate: to annoy, to cause discomfort

aisle: passageway
isle: land surrounded by water

all ready: entirely prepaired
already: reference to time

all: together in a group
altogether: completely

allay: to relieve
alley: a narrow passage
ally: a comrade, to join

allude: to refer indirectly to
elude: to evade
refer: to direct

allusion: an indirect reference
delusion: false reasoning
illusion: false vision

altar: a place of worship
alter: to change

amateur: a nonprofessional
novice: a beginner

amiable: good­natured
amicable: peaceful

among: more than two
between: only two

amount: measured quantity
number: counted entities

anecdote: a brief story
antidote: a remedy

ante-: before or prior to
anti-: against or opposed to

anxious: worried
eager: ardent, impatiently expectant

apparent: obvious through deductive reasoning
evident: obvious through external signs

appraise: to evaluate
apprise: to inform

apprehend: to seize, to grasp
comprehend: to understand

apt: appropriate
liable: bound to occur, legally obligated
libel: written slander
likely: probable, probably

arrant: notorious
errand: a task
errant: wandering, roving

assay: to analyze
essay: a short literary composition, to attempt

assure: to remove doubt
ensure: to guarantee
insure: to protect

avocation: a hobby
vocation: a profession

bare: to uncover
bear: an animal, to carry, to endure

bazaar: a market
bizarre: strange

believe: convinced by reason
feel: convinced by emotion

berth: a sleeping or mooring place
birth: origin, beginning of existence

beside: next to
besides: also

biannual: twice a year
biennial: every other year
semiannual: twice a year

bi-: every other period (biweekly, bimonthly)
semi-: twice within the period (semiweekly, semimonthly)

billed: requested payment
build: construct
built: constructed

bloc: a group of people
block: a solid object, to impede

boar: a male swine
Boer: a Dutch South African colonist
boor: a rude person
bore: a dull person, a hole, to make a hole

born: given birth to
borne: carried or supported
bourn: a stream, a limit or goal (also bourne)

borough: a governmental unit
borrow: to receive temporarily
burro: a donkey
burrow: a hole, to dig

bouillon: soup
bullion: bulk precious metal

brake: a stopping device, a thicket
break: an interuption, a respite

breadth: width
breath: an inhalation or exhalation of air
breathe: to inhale and exhale air

calendar: a register of time
calender: a rolling machine
colander: a strainer

can: is able
may: is permitted

cannon: a big gun
canon: a law

canvas: cloth
canvass: to solicit, to survey

capital: the seat of government, investment money, an upper case letter
capitol:
a legislative building

carat: weight (four grains)(also karat)
caret: an editor's mark
carrot: a vegetable

casual: informal, by chance
causal: referring to the cause

ceiling: the interior upper surface of a room
sealing: closing tightly

censer: incense burner
censor: to criticize, to delete from publication
censure: to blame

cession: surrender of a title or right
session: a meeting

character: the whole of an actual personality
reputation: the external perception of a personality

chased: pursued
chaste: pure, virginal

choral: a hymn (also chorale)
corral: a pen for animals

chord: a combination of musical notes
cord: a string

cite: to refer to, to summon
sight: vision or view
site: location

climactic: refers to climax
climatic: refers to climate

close: near, to shut
clothes: wearing apparel

coarse: not fine
course: a route, part of a curriculum, a division of a meal

compare: to assess similarities and differences
contrast: to assess differences

complement: to add to, to improve
compliment: to praise

comprehensible: understandable
comprehensive: inclusive

confidant: trusted one, person in whom we confide
confidante: trusted one, female in whom we confide
confident: assured

conscience: sense of morality
conscious: awake

consul: an official
council: a conference, its members
counsel: an advisor, advice

contemptible: deserving of contempt
contemptuous: feeling of contempt

contend: to deal with, for, or against something
content: that which is contained within something

contiguous: adjoining, bordering
continual: occurring repeatedly
continuous: occurring ceaselessly

convince: to cause to believe
persuade: to cause to believe and act upon that belief

core: central part
corp: a group of people

corespondent: legal term
correspondent: a writer

coat: an apparrel item, a covering
cote: a place for doves or sheep

credible: acceptable, believable
creditable: praiseworthy
credulous: gullible

criteria: standards
criterion: a single standard

cymbal: a musical instrument
symbol: a token, a representative sign

decease: die
disease: sickness

decent: respectable
descent: vertical path downward
dissent: disagreement

dent: a concavity, a surface depression
dint: effort

deprecate: to express disapproval, to belittle
depreciate: to decline in value

desert: arid land, to abandon
dessert: a sweet food, a reward

device: an appliance
devise: to plan

die: to expire from life
dye: a coloring agent, to add color to

discreet: cautious or tactful
discrete: separate or distinct

disinterested: without self­interest
uninterested: indifferent, lacking interest

disqualify: to judge unfit, to eliminate from
unqualified: unfit, lacking qualifications for

divers: several
diverse: different, distinct in kind

dual: two
duel: a fight

dying: expiring from life
dyeing: coloring

either: one or the other
neither: none

eligible: qualified
illegible: unreadable
ineligible: unqualified
legible: readable

elicit: to draw forth, to evoke
illicit: improper

emerge: to come out from
immerge: to go into

emigration: leaving
immigration: entering

eminent: of highest status
imminent: soon to occur

emulate: to equal, to excel
imitate: to mimic, to copy

envelop: to surround, to enclose
envelope: a covering

epigram: a witty statement
epitaph: a tribute to the dead
epithet: a descriptive name

equitable: fair, just
equable: steady, uniform

exalt: to praise
exult: to rejoice

exceedingly: to a great degree
excessively: to too great a degree

exceptional: unusual
exceptionable: objectionable

excerpt: a selection, to select
extract: a concentrated portion, to pull out forcibly, to obtain

excite: to stir up emotionally
incite: to stir into action

expect: to believe a thing will happen
suspect: to doubt the truth of

extant: still existing
extent: the measure of, the limit

facetious: joking
factious: causing dissension
factitious: artificial
fictitious: imaginary

faint: not strong, to lose consciousness
feign: to give false appearance
feint: a diversionary tactic, to pretend

fair: a festival, not foul, light complexioned
fare: a toll, a toll payer, to get along

famous: celebrated
notable: remarkable
noteworthy: remarkable
noted: well­known, distinguished by reputation
notorious: widely known in an unfavorable sense

farther: physical distance
further: in addition to

feat: an accomplishment
feet: leg endings
fete: a festival

fewer: smaller number
less: smaller quantity

flair: ability, distinctive manner
flare: a flame, to flame

flaunt: to make a showy display of
flout: to disparage, to show contempt

forbear: to refrain from
forebear: an ancestor, a predecessor

forceful: vigorous
forcible: by force or strength

foreword: a preface
forward: a direction

formally: in a formal way
formerly: at a previous time

fort: a fortified building
forte: an ability, a strong point

forth: forward
fourth: between third and fifth

funeral: a ceremony
funereal: sad, melancholy

gamble: to wager
gambol: to leap about playfully

genius: exceptional ability
genus: type

gibe: to scoff at, to mock
jibe: to change direction (nautical)

gild: to overlay with gold
guild: an association

gilt: overlaid with gold
guilt: culpability, the opposite of innocence

good: not bad, the opposite of evil
well: not ill, skillfully or correctly-as in "well done."

gorilla: an ape
guerrilla: an irregular soldier

gourmand: a big eater, a glutton
gourmet: a connoisseur of foods

grisly: horrible
gristly: tough, tough and elastic
grizzly: gray­haired, a type of bear

guarantee: to secure, to ensure
guaranty: financial security or agreement

hail: frozen rain, to call aloud
hale: healthy

hair: a fibrous growth
hare: a rabbit-like rodent

hanged: a person is hanged
hung: an object is hung

healthful: contributing to good health
healthy: in good health

hear: to perceive sound
here: in this place

hoard: a cache
horde: a crowd

hole: a cavity
whole: entire

holey: having holes
holy: sacred
wholly: entirely

human: pertaining to homo sapiens
humane: benevolent, kind

idle: inactive
idol: an object of worship
idyll: a description of a peaceful country scene, or such a scene

impassable: can not be passed
impassible: without feeling
impossible: can not be accomplished

imply: to suggest, to state indirectly
infer: to draw a conclusion

impostor: the person who commits a fraud
imposture: the fraud committed

incite: to provoke
insight: mental vision

incredible: unbelievable
incredulous: unbelieving

indict: to accuse
indite: to write, to compose

ingenious: talented, clever, original
ingenuous: innocent, unsophisticated

intelligent: quick to learn
smart: in fashion

invaluable: priceless
valuable: worth a high price

its: a possessive pronoun
it's: a contraction of "it is"

jealous: envious
zealous: diligent, devoted, vigorous

knight: a rank
night: the opposite of day

later: after a passage of time
latter: the last mentioned

laid: past tense of lay
lain: past participle of lie (to recline)
lane: a track, a path
lay: to place, past tense of lie (to recline)
lie: a false statement, to state falsely, to recline
lied: past tense of lie (to state falsely)
lye: a caustic chemical

leak: unintended exit of contents
leek: an edible plant

lean: free of fat, to incline
lien: a legal claim

leave: to depart from
let: to permit

lessee: lease holder
lessor: lease grantor

lessen: to make smaller
lesson: a unit of learning

levee: an embankment
levy: an imposition or assessment

lightening: decreasing in weight
lightning: an electrical discharge

like: a preposition (looks like rain)
as: an adverb or conjunction (dark as night)

loose: free, unrestrained, to set free
loosen: to let free
lose: to misplace

luxuriant: of abundant growth
luxurious: rich, splendid

majority: more than half
plurality: the largest part, but less than half

marital: concerning marriage
marshal: an official, to organize
martial: concerning the military

masterful: powerful, domineering
masterly: skillful

medal: a trophy, an award
meddle: to interfere
metal: a substance-such as gold, silver, steel, etc.
mettle: quality of a person's character

miner: a mine worker
minor: not of legal age, smaller, less important

moral: virtuous
morale: state of mind

motif: theme
motive: incentive

naval: pertaining to a navy
navel: a dent, a depression, site of the umbilical knot

nausea: illness
nauseated: feeling ill
nauseous: causing nausea

new: not old
novel: not common, a fictional work

number: things counted
quantity: amount measured

occultist: believes in dark forces, witchcraft, etc.
oculist: treats eyes
ophthalmologist: treats eyes
optician: makes eyeglasses
optometrist: checks vision

official: an authorized person, that which is authorized
officer: an elected or appointed person
officious: meddlesome

ordinance: a law
ordnance: military hardware

orient: east, to face or point toward something
occident: west

oscillate: to swing, to vibrate
osculate: to kiss

overdo: do to excess
overdue: past due

paid: past tense of "pay" (in the sense of a payment)
payed out: past tense of "pay out" (a hose, cable, line, etc.)

pain: discomfort
pane: a plate of glass

pair: two alike
pare: to cut away
pear: a fruit

palate: the roof of the mouth
palette: an artist's board
pallet: a bed, a skid

paramount: the highest of
tantamount: the same as

partially: not completely
partly: not all of something

passed: went beyond
past: ago, over

peace: serenity, absence of war
piece: a portion, a part

pedal: a foot lever
peddle: to sell

perpetrate: to commit
perpetuate: to preserve

persecute: to oppress, to harass
prosecute: to carry on, to pursue a course of action, to sue in a court of law

personal: private
personnel: the staff of an organization

physic: a laxative
physical: material, pertaining to the body
physique: the appearance of the body
psychic: a seer, of the mind

plain: not fancy, simple
plane: a flat surface, a tool, an aircraft, to render flat

plaintiff: the suing party
plaintive: mournful

plait: a pleat or braid, to pleat or braid
plate: a flat dish, a metal sheet, to coat with metal

portion: part of a whole
potion: a drink

pray: to beseech
prey: hunted creature, to hunt

precede: to be in front of something
proceed: to go forward

prescribe: to order, to recommend a remedy
proscribe: to condemn

principal: first in rank or authority
principle: fundamental truth or law

prophecy: a prediction
prophesy: to predict

proposal: a point or offer to be accepted or rejected
proposition: a point to be discussed

quiet: silent
quit: stop doing
quite: entirely

rain: precipitation
reign: to rule, a period of rule
rein: to curb, that which curbs

rebound: to bounce back
redound: to have an effect upon

reek: to emit strong odor
wreak: to inflict punishment upon

respectfully: politely
respectively: each in its given order

resume: to take up where left off
résumé: summation

reverend: a clergyman
reverent: respectful

right: correct, a direction, a guaranteed due
rite: a ceremony
wright: a craftsman
write: to commit to letters

rang: past tense of ring (she rang the bell)
ring: a bell sound, a finger ornament, a circle, to encircle, to
make a bell sound
ringed: wearing, decorated, or formed like a ring; encircled
rung: a ladder step, past participle of ring (the bell was rung)
wring: to squeeze out
wrung: past tense of wring

role: the part acted
roll: a bakery good, a list, to rotate, to revolve

rout: to put to flight
route: a road, a way

salary: fixed pay for work on a recurring, long-term basis
wages: pay for work on a piece, hourly, daily, or weekly basis

satire: witty literary work
satyr: a lecherous man

seasonable: in keeping with the season, timely
seasonal: affected by the seasons, periodic

sensual: pertaining to grosser appetites (sex, food)
sensuous: pertaining to finer appetites (art, music)

set: to place
sit: to rest (as in a chair)

specie: coined money
species: type

staid: sedate, reserved
stayed: remained

stair: a step
stare: a fixed gaze, to gaze fixedly

stake: a post
steak: a cut of meat

stationary: immobile
stationery: writing material

statue: a sculpture
stature: height, status achieved
statute: a law

steal: to take without permission, to sneak
steel: to brace for adversity, a metal

stile: a step
style: mode, fashion

straight: not curved, direct
strait: a narrow passage, restricted, tight

suit: clothing, a grouping of things (cards, etc.), a
legal action, a romantic move, to please
suite: a grouping of things (musical pieces, rooms, etc.)
sweet; not sour

tare: a deducted weight, a weed
tear: to rip, water from the eye

tasteful: having good judgement
tasty: having good flavor

taught: imparted knowledge
taut: stretched tightly

temporal: mortal, not eternal
temporary: not permanent

tern: a bird
turn: to change direction, to revolve

their: possessive form of "they"
there: that place
they're: a contraction of "they are"

therefor: for this or for that thing
therefore: for this or for that reason

threw: hurled
though: notwithstanding
thorough: complete
through: in one end or side and out the other

to: a preposition (normally suggesting direction)
too: also
two: the number after one

tortuous: sinuous, winding
torturous: painful

urban: not rural
urbane: smooth­mannered

vain: useless, self­admiring
vane: a wind direction indicator
vein: a blood vessel, a body of ore

venal: corruptible
venial: excusable

vice: an evil practice
vise: a clamp

waist: a narrowing between wider portions
waste: superfluous matter, to wear away

wait: a delay, to delay
weight: heaviness

waive: the relinquishing of a claim or right (also waiver)
wave: an undulation, a hand sign
waver: to hesitate, to vacillate

want: a desire, to desire
wont: accustomed
won't: a contraction of "will not"

war: hostility between factions
wore: past tense of wear

ware: manufactured merchandise
wear: apparel, to have apparel on, erosion, to erode
where: in what place?

weather: climatic conditions
whether: pertaining to a choice

who's: contraction of "who is"
whose: possessive form of "who"

worm: an elongated animal
warm: not cold

yawl: a sailboat
yowl: to howl

yoke: a collar
yolk: an egg part

yore: long ago
you're: contraction of "you are"
your: possessive form of "you"